In recent years, states have increasingly engaged in selective intervention in the economy in order to exert influence in decision-making on production and trade among public and private actors alike. This phenomenon, identified under the generic name of “industrial policy”, has witnessed a resurgence, first as a response to a host of crises – related to finances, health and energy – that have had an effect on economic growth and shown up the vulnerability of countries in a context of interdependence in production and trade on account of globalization, and second as an acknowledgement of the importance of externalities on national security. Decisions relating to companies’ production affect the ability of states to respond to actions by third parties that may compromise their security, weakening their positions in scenarios involving international negotiation. In this context, states resort to economic intervention to steer decisions on production and trade towards strategic aims such as resilience and national security.