1. The crisis of the euro and the future of the EU.<\/h3>\n
The current crisis has revealed, in all its harshness, the constraints facing the euro area as it is currently designed. In particular, it has shown the imbalances that monetary integration can cause, in the absence of the necessary budgetary and institutional integration, and with a European market in which the mobility of factors of production and the real integration of some markets are not what an optimal currency area would call for. Today, the opinion, debate and reflection on the limitations of an incomplete monetary union (and, in particular, on the need for monetary integration to be accompanied by the necessary political and institutional integration) is a strategically crucial topic for the future of the European economy. This question is almost inseparable from that of the economic policy appropriate for dealing with the crisis, and in particular the appropriate balance between austerity (and fiscal consolidation), on the one hand, and the stimulation of economic growth, on the other, two issues which are, of course, closely intertwined.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/europeg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/eurocrisis.jpg” title_text=”eurocrisis” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_horizontal=”8px” box_shadow_vertical=”8px” box_shadow_blur=”2px” box_shadow_color=”#2084c0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”10px||60px||false|false” custom_padding=”40px|44px|40px|44px|true|true” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||align-items: center;” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_blur=”53px” box_shadow_spread=”-7px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.2)” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_css_main_element_tablet=”display: block;” custom_css_main_element_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_css_main_element_phone=”display: block;” custom_padding_tablet=”40px|44px|40px|44px|true|true” custom_padding_phone=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” width_phone=”90%” width_last_edited=”on|phone”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/europeg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/recuperacion-economica-.jpg” title_text=”recuperacion-economica-” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_horizontal=”8px” box_shadow_vertical=”8px” box_shadow_blur=”2px” box_shadow_color=”#2084c0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Frank Ruhl Libre||||||||” header_3_font=”Frank Ruhl Libre|700|||||||” header_3_font_size=”24px” header_3_line_height=”1.2em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
2. Emergence from the economic crisis in Spain and the transformation of the model of competitiveness.<\/h3>\n
In the specific case of Spain and Catalonia, recovery from the crisis is only possible with a real project of adjustment and reforms, which should not only resolve the basic imbalances, but also produce a profound change in the economy’s model of competitiveness. In reality, this change is already occurring to a large extent,. It is essential to examine the basic vectors of this transformation and analyse the underlying changes that are already taking place in the economy during the crisis. It is similarly important to emphasize the real fundamentals, in many cases much more positive than the economic climate would lead us to expect, in order to address these transformations. Finally, in this strategic approach, it is essential to stress the crucial importance of political factors: the adjustments require sacrifices which are only feasible in the presence of certain indispensable political conditions: leadership, vision, credibility, pacts and consensus. That is why the construction of a narrative of emergence from this crisis, analysing and explaining the adjustments and reforms that must be implemented to correct the basic imbalances in the Spanish economy, is a fundamental aspect of the present moment.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ use_custom_gutter=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”10px||60px||false|false” custom_padding=”40px|44px|40px|44px|true|true” custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||align-items: center;” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_blur=”53px” box_shadow_spread=”-7px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.2)” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_css_main_element_tablet=”display: block;” custom_css_main_element_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_css_main_element_phone=”display: block;” custom_padding_tablet=”40px|44px|40px|44px|true|true” custom_padding_phone=”30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” width_phone=”90%” width_last_edited=”on|phone”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Frank Ruhl Libre||||||||” header_3_font=”Frank Ruhl Libre|700|||||||” header_3_font_size=”24px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
3. Taxation and the welfare state.<\/h3>\n
The crisis has brought the sustainability of the welfare state into question. In fact, it has deepened an already existing debate, and on some occasions has served as a pretext to reopen it. It is never advisable to adopt solutions to structural problems on the basis of short-term priorities. This is also applicable to the present issue, however obvious it may seem that the crisis is going to modify some of the previous structural parameters (for example, the potential GDP growth rate and, therefore, the level of public resources that we could consider ‘natural’ ). In any case, the debate on the future of the welfare state is, without a doubt, one of the great debates on the agenda today, with the status quo stubbornly defended by positions as negative as those which, more or less covertly, seem to favour its dismantling. Only a strongly reformist attitude will consolidate and strengthen the basic core of the welfare state. The Scandinavian countries, leaders in the art of combining competitiveness with a welfare state, are a good reference point. Very often the political debate leads to a great simplification of the real alternatives with regard to increases or reductions in public services and taxation. In any event, no welfare state is feasible or sustainable without a broad political and social consensus on taxation and public services, since in the final analysis it is based on an agreement on income transfers (between social sectors and generations) which is sustainable only if it is beneficial to all.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/europeg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Estado-del-Bienestar.jpg” title_text=”Estado-del-Bienestar” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_horizontal=”8px” box_shadow_vertical=”8px” box_shadow_blur=”2px” box_shadow_color=”#2084c0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Strategic lines of inquiryEuropeG bases its activity on three broad lines of analysis.1. The crisis of the euro and the future of the EU. The current crisis has revealed, in all its harshness, the constraints facing the euro area as it is currently designed. In particular, it has shown the imbalances that monetary integration can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\n
EuropeG basa su actividad en tres amplias l\u00edneas de an\u00e1lisis:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
La crisis del euro y el futuro de la UE.<\/strong> La salida de la crisis econ\u00f3mica en Espa\u00f1a y la transformaci\u00f3n del modelo de competitividad.<\/strong> Fiscalidad y Estado de bienestar.<\/strong>
La actual crisis ha puesto de manifiesto, con toda su crudeza, las limitaciones a las que se enfrenta la zona euro tal y como est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ada actualmente. En especial, ha mostrado los desequilibrios que puede provocar una integraci\u00f3n monetaria, sin la necesaria integraci\u00f3n presupuestaria e institucional, y con un mercado europeo en el que la movilidad de factores y la integraci\u00f3n real de algunos mercados, no es la que prescribir\u00eda la existencia de un \u00e1rea monetaria \u00f3ptima. La opini\u00f3n, el debate y la reflexi\u00f3n sobre los l\u00edmites de una uni\u00f3n monetaria incompleta (y, en particular, sobre la necesidad de que la integraci\u00f3n monetaria vaya acompa\u00f1ada de la necesaria integraci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica e institucional) es hoy un tema crucial estrat\u00e9gicamente para el futuro de la econom\u00eda europea. A esta cuesti\u00f3n, hay que a\u00f1adir, casi de forma indisociable, la de la pol\u00edtica econ\u00f3mica apropiada frente a la crisis, y en concreto el equilibrio apropiado entre austeridad (y consolidaci\u00f3n fiscal), por una parte, y est\u00edmulo al crecimiento econ\u00f3mico, por otra. Sabiendo hasta que punto, evidentemente, estas dos cuestiones se hallan \u00edntimamente entrelazadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/europeg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/modelo.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
En el caso concreto de Espa\u00f1a y Catalu\u00f1a, la salida de la crisis s\u00f3lo es posible con un proyecto real de ajuste y reformas, que permita no s\u00f3lo resolver los desequilibrios b\u00e1sicos, sino desarrollar un cambio profundo en el modelo de competitividad de nuestra econom\u00eda. Este cambio, en buena medida, se est\u00e1 ya produciendo en la realidad. Examinar los vectores b\u00e1sicos de esta transformaci\u00f3n y analizar las corrientes de fondo que se est\u00e1n produciendo en la econom\u00eda ya durante estos a\u00f1os resulta fundamental. Como lo es subrayar los fundamentos reales, y en numerosos casos mucho m\u00e1s positivos de lo que el clima ambiental da a entender, para abordar estas transformaciones. Finalmente, en esta l\u00ednea estrat\u00e9gica, es indispensable subrayar la importancia decisiva de los factores pol\u00edticos: los sacrificios que requieren los ajustes s\u00f3lo son factibles con unas condiciones pol\u00edticas imprescindibles: liderazgo, proyecto, credibilidad, pactos y consensos. Es por ello que la construcci\u00f3n de un relato de salida de la crisis que analice y explique los ajustes y reformas que deben llevarse a cabo para corregir los desequilibrios b\u00e1sicos de la econom\u00eda espa\u00f1ola es un aspecto fundamental en el momento actual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/europeg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/bienestar.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
La crisis ha puesto sobre la mesa la sostenibilidad del Estado de bienestar. De hecho, la crisis ha agudizado y en algunas ocasiones ha servido de pretexto para plantear un debate ya preexistente. Nunca es aconsejable adoptar soluciones a problemas estructurales en funci\u00f3n de urgencias coyunturales. Y esto vale tambi\u00e9n para esta cuesti\u00f3n, por mucho que parezca evidente que la crisis va a modificar algunos de los par\u00e1metros estructurales anteriores a la misma (por ejemplo, el crecimiento potencial del PIB y, por consiguiente, el nivel de recursos p\u00fablicos que podr\u00edamos considerar \u2018natural\u2019). En cualquier caso, el debate sobre el futuro del Estado del bienestar es, sin duda, uno de los grandes debates que tenemos encima de la mesa, y frente al cual tan negativas son las posiciones de defensa numantina, como las que, de forma m\u00e1s o menos encubierta, parecen propiciar su desmantelamiento. S\u00f3lo una actitud decididamente reformista permitir\u00e1 consolidar y reforzar el n\u00facleo b\u00e1sico del Estado del bienestar. Los pa\u00edses n\u00f3rdicos, que combinan como pocos competitividad y Estado del bienestar, son un buen punto de referencia. Muy a menudo el debate pol\u00edtico conduce a una gran simplificaci\u00f3n de las alternativas reales, sobre aumentos o reducci\u00f3n de servicios p\u00fablicos e imposici\u00f3n. En cualquier caso, ning\u00fan Estado del bienestar no es factible, ni sostenible, sin un amplio consenso pol\u00edtico y social sobre la fiscalidad y los servicios p\u00fablicos, puesto que en definitiva se sustenta en un acuerdo de transferencias de renta (entre sectores sociales y generaciones) que s\u00f3lo es sostenible si resulta beneficioso para todos.<\/p>\n","_et_gb_content_width":"","cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1707","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1707"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1892,"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1707\/revisions\/1892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/europeg.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}